Salem Witchcraft Essay - 2617 Words

Salem Witchcraft Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692 rocked the colony of Salem Massachusetts. There are some different views that are offered concerning why neighbors decided to condemn the people around them as witches and why they did what they did to one another. Carol Karlsen in her book The Devil in the Shape of a Woman and Bernard Rosenthal in Salem Story give several factors, ranging from woman hunting to shear malice, that help explain why the Salem trials took place and why they reached the magnitude that they did. The theories put fourth by Karlsen of a society that accusations against women as witches explain the trail, and Rosenthals ideas of discourse in the community are supported or partially disproved by†¦show more content†¦He stooped down to pick up the rake or pitchfork to strike her, when she vanished.†2 The slave testified against her as a witch, and even though she was not convicted of witchcraft this earlier trial demonstrates that Bridget was previou sly suspected of witchcraft. Besides being accused of witchcraft earlier Bishop also had some other characteristics that helped mark her as a witch. Karlsen points out that many witches, including Bishop, where accused of witchcraft only a year or two after they had become widows.3 The loss of her husband leaves Bishop without a male protector for a bit of time and allows for more accusations to come up against her. Bishop’s husbands passing gives her power that Puritan women don’t usually have. Bridget was granted the write, â€Å"for the sale of the land aforesaid unto Mr. Daniel Eppes.†4 This action shows how Bridget Bishop was not in the usual role of women because she was in control of some property and was able to use some power over that land. Women in Puritan society where expected to be married and to help their husbands. Karlsen points out that Puritan women where expected to fit into certain rolls in which they should be submissive.5 If a woman did not fit into the roll of the Puritan woman then she had a better chance of being accused of witchcraft. Bridget Bishop did not fit the perfect vision of women that the PuritansShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft and Piritan Salem Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagespsychological aspect of witch naming in Puritan America during the Salem outbreak. The theory that economics and a threat to the smooth transition of inheritance could be the basis for a good number of witch naming incidents is presented and supported by Karlsen. It is her contention that women who stood to inherit and lacked a male figure, husband, brother, son or father, in their life, were charged with the crime of witchcraft. A conviction would mean that authorities could seize their propertyRead MoreThe Motive For The Salem Witchcraft940 Words   |  4 Pages Witchcraft is a subject in American History that has kept historians intrigued for ages. Nevertheless, this volatile topic addresses many questions of how women are perceived during this hectic and forbidding time. A person did not have to be a murderer or a thief to be consumed with fear during this time. Unfortunately, fear could be present simply due to their jealous neighbor, or the fact that they had an abundance of land. The violence against women, and a few men, brought out anxiety for theRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : Witchcraft Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witch Trials Witchcraft has been around since the B.C. era, but erupted in the late 1600s. It began in Europe and eventually made its way to the New World. Witchcraft is believing in and the use of practical magic, such as casting spells, calling on spirits, or predicting the future. Witchcraft is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word, â€Å"wicce,† meaning wise. Therefore, it translates into â€Å"craft of the wise.† Wise people were those who were familiar with natures’ forces and were educated when itRead MoreThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Although there has been a long history of witchcraft, the main concentration is from the periods of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the British North American colonies alone there were over 100 witchcraft trials alone, were 40 percent of the accused were executed. Now two professors, Carol F. Karlsen of history and Kai T. Erikson of sociology, examine the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria to see if it was caused by a fear of women and give two entirelyRead MoreSalem Witchcraft Trials : The Salem Witch Trials1723 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Salem Witchcraft Trials The Salem Witch Trials took place in colonial Massachusetts within modern day town Danvers and continued from sixteen ninety-two to sixteen ninety-three. The â€Å"Witchcraft Craze† rippled throughout Europe and included the events at Salem Village. This craze lasted from the thirteen hundreds to the sixteen hundreds and was caused by many religious reasons. More than two hundred people were accused of witchcraft, the â€Å"devil’s magic,† and twenty were executed in Salem TownRead MoreWitchcraft Hysteria Of Salem, Massachusetts891 Words   |  4 Pagesconvictions and 19 executions of witches that took place in Salem, Massachusetts beginning in 1691 (Orr, September 30, 2015). Though the causes of the mania are still hotly debated even today, the primary cause of the witchcraft hysteria that captivated Salem, Massachusetts in the 1690’s was socioeconomic tensions within the community. The town of Salem was actually split up into two distinctly separate settlements. The village of Salem was characterized by farmers who depended heavily, if not exclusivelyRead MoreThe Salem Witchcraft Trials Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 were the largest outbreak of witch hunting in colonial New England up to that time. Although it was the largest outbreak, it was not something that was new. Witch-hunting had been a part of colonial New England since the formation of the colonies. Between the years 1648 to 1663, approximately 15 witches were executed. During the winter of 1692 to February of 1693, approximately 150 citizens were accused of being witches and about 25 of those died, either byRead MoreEncephalitis Lethargica vs Witchcraft in Salem993 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 1692 Salem village, Massachusetts began to experience strange occurrences among their residents. Victims suffered from strange mental and physical illnesses. The random ness of the victims, and their unusual symptoms, led residents to suspect a supernatural explanation. These suspicions eventually led to the infamous Salem Witch Trials. Past historians have concentrated their research on the accused, while Laurie Winn Carlson focuses on the afflicted in her novel, A Fever in Salem: A New InterpretationRead MoreWitchcraft Trials And The Salem Witch Trials893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Salem witchcraft trials took place in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The news of witches began to spread in Salem when a group of young girls gathered together in the kitchen of the Reverend Samuel Parris with his Indian slave named Tituba to experiment with witchcraft. After these young girls began to portray unusual behavior the village doctor came to the scene and diagnosed the girls to be possessed by the devil. The news of the presence of witches spread throughoutRead MoreCotton Mather And Salem Witchcraft Trials1033 Words   |  5 Pag es Cotton Mather and the Salem Witchcraft Trials American Literature reveals that because of Cotton Mather’s writings there is knowledge of the Salem witchcraft trials in 1692. The research shows that most of the known stories and trials come from Cotton Mather. This essay will describe Cotton Mather, the Salem witchcraft Trials, and an insight on the information provided by Mather. Like his father before him, Cotton Mather took position as a pastor of the Second Church of Boston where he remained

Stakeholders According to Business Leaders free essay sample

The spirit of corporate citizenship suggests that a company that derives profit from the community has an obligation to contribute to its development. I t is reasonable to expect the principle of mutual obligation to apply to the business sector. John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia, 1998. (FN1). Debate has emerged regarding a shift of focus in the organizations relationships with its various stakeholder groups. In the past the company has been seen predominantly as an instrument of its owners. However, they point out that stakeholder theory does not necessarily presume that managers act as the rightful locus of corporate control and governance. Managers are often cast in the role of referees in the balance game between various stakeholders. This, however, does not take into account that managers are also employees and often investors. Therefore managers are themselves stakeholders, indeed a privileged class of stakeholder in the enterprise. (FN21) This suggests that managers may be motivated to practice opportunistic behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholders According to Business Leaders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further, it leads to the argument that the subjective attitudes and motivations of managers may be a significant feature in organization-stakeholder relationships. Many authors claim that there is a lack of empirical research in the stakeholder area. (FN22) Marens, Wicks, and Huber suggest that looking more closely at specific stakeholder relationships would create a richer definition of a stakeholder managerial approach and help explain, even predict, the impact of this approach on performance. Several studies which examine stakeholder relations can, in fact, be found. FN23) Predominantly these studies investigate the link between stakeholder relationships and company performance. (FN24) It would appear that little attention has been given to the qualitative nature of specific stakeholder relationships. The present study examines the relationship between organizations and stakeholder groups as reported by the companys leaders. These groups include owners, employees, customers, supp liers, the environment, and community. The data that are presented and discussed in this paper focus on the community-stakeholder relationship. Open-ended questions were deliberately used in a semi-structured interview to allow the interviewee to define the various stakeholder groups themselves. The stakeholder group identified as community is particularly open to individual definition by business leaders due to the ambiguity which commonly surrounds the term. Community is an amorphous concept that the interviewers did not attempt to clarify. Under these conditions, therefore, community as a stakeholder entity is whatever the interviewee perceives it to be. The relationship described is a two-way relationship but it is defined from only one perspective. By allowing the interviewees to describe what they meant by community, and not imposing any external attributes in the term, we have minimized the impact of stakeholder-related attributes. METHODA study was undertaken to ascertain how Australian business leaders perceive their relationships with the wider community. A secondary aim of the research is to investigate the integration of social and environmental values in daily business activities. Twelve chief executive officers (CEOs) or managing directors from a range of companies were interviewed. These companies vary in terms of industry, organization size, ownership, organizational age, and structure (see Table 1). The CEOs were selected on the basis of accessibility and availability. A semi-structured interview schedule was used which incorporates 16 questions covering five areas of inquiry. The questions are open-ended and followed by neutral prompts. This schedule was used as an interview guide during an interview lasting between one and one and a half hours which was held at the CEOs offices. The interviews are analyzed using the editing approach to qualitative data. FN25) Editing analysis means that the researcher enters the text like an editor searching for meaningful segments: cutting, pasting, and rearranging until the reduced summary reveals the interpretive truth. The editing techniques have a cyclical quality: interpretations emerge from the analysis of a particular theme or category and then are repeatedly compared with the original textual data. This is called c onstant comparison, where eventually additional analysis no longer contributes in discovering anything new about a category.

The wasteland Essay Example For Students

The wasteland Essay In the poem, The Waste Land, T. S. Eliot gives a primarily positive connotation by using the theme of speech, language, and failure of speech. In each of the sections, Eliot shows how speech and communication are important in life. He also shows that speech cannot always accomplish what actions can. The way the characters in the poem use speech show that speech and communication are important. This section may be the best example of communication in the whole poem. While many of the other themes are present, the main part of this section deal with the interaction between two people, in two different places. Although at first these conversations seem to be very fruitless and unproductive, at the end it is revealed that what was trying to beaccomplished by the conversations happens anyway. We will write a custom essay on The wasteland specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The first part of A Game of Chess tells of a man and a woman having dinner. A very elaborate description of the dinner scene, the woman, and the sights and smells that fill the room. After dinner to woman tries to engage the man in conversation but to no avail. As she continues to get more frustrated with and his unwillingness to answer her questions, it would seem Eliot is showing how speech and communication do not accomplish their intended goals. The woman keeps asking the man what he wants to do after dinner, but only his thoughts are revealed to thereader, he does not respond to the woman. Eventually after the womans tiring effort to get a response they still end up taking a carriage ride and playing a game of chess. So while the woman thought that she was getting no where with him, she actually achieved exactly what she wanted. In this sense a transformation occurs from the point in which the woman thought that she was getting no where to the point where she realized that he ha d been listening the whole time, and she still got to do what she wanted to do. The second part of this section tells of two women whos husbands are off to war. One is telling the other that she should try to make herself look good for her husband upon his return. She insists that she has no reason for looking good and that she does not want anymore kidsanyway. The woman eventually get fed up with her ignorance and says that her husband may leave her if she does not change for him. Here it seems that communication is also pointless because no matter how much the woman tries to change the others mind she stillrefuses to change. When the husbands do finally return though, they are still happy to see their wives and the section ends with good night, ladies which shows that the husbands were happy to see their wives no matter what they looked like. The same transformation occurs here aswell. In the beginning the conversation seems to be going nowhere but what was trying to get accomplished still does. This final section talks about the salvation of the Waste Land. T his dry arid place must have water to go on existing and to change from the state that it is in now. The thunder can be heard from beyond the mountain but it is not coming over into the valley to save the Waste Land. A story is told of a woman who plays a violin with a strand of her hair as a bow. This music brings singing from the empty cisterns and wells of the land, and eventually it is this womans song which brings the rains to the Waste Land. Although it is not speech, this is a form of communication, and it shows the importance of it. The song is the salvation of the Waste Land. When the rains finally come, the thunder speaks with the voice of the gods. It repeats over and over the word Da, which comes from the Upanishads. It can be translated in three different ways by the gods, man, or demons. This shows that while one thing is said it can beinterpreted in many ways depending upon the listener. No matter how it is interpreted though, the thunder and its voice

Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips

In 1965, Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel made the observation that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. He predicted that this development would continue in the future and it has. Although the initial observation of transistors doubling every year has slowed down, it does still exists; only now they double every eighteen months. There is, however, a problem with this rate. By the year 2012 Intel plans to have the ability to integrate one billion transistors into a chip which will run at a speed of ten gigahertz. However, shortly after in the year 2017, the physical limitation of wafer fabrication technology will have been met. This means that either consumers of these microprocessors will have to be content with a speed of ten gigahertz, or a new method for making chips will have to be developed. Traditionally, computer microprocessors have used the method of silicon integrated circuits which was invented by Robert Noyce in 1958 and has been used ever since. This method allowed many transistors to be put on a single chip, and this allowed the creation of computers that were smaller, faster, and cheaper than ever before. Since these microchips were being created faster, a method of measuring performance had to be created, so a clock was placed inside the microprocessor. The processor clock is a circuit that emits a series of pulses with a precise pulse width and precise interval between consecutive pulses.[1] The time interval between the corresponding edges of two consecutive pulses is know as the clock cycle time. This method of measuring performance is quickly approaching its limits, and because of this the makers of these chips are looking into moving towards a â€Å"clockless† logic.[2] In order to move from the clock type processors existing today to the â€Å"clockless† processors of the future, chip developers are working on a i... Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips Free Essays on Transition From Synchronous To Asynchronous Chips In 1965, Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel made the observation that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. He predicted that this development would continue in the future and it has. Although the initial observation of transistors doubling every year has slowed down, it does still exists; only now they double every eighteen months. There is, however, a problem with this rate. By the year 2012 Intel plans to have the ability to integrate one billion transistors into a chip which will run at a speed of ten gigahertz. However, shortly after in the year 2017, the physical limitation of wafer fabrication technology will have been met. This means that either consumers of these microprocessors will have to be content with a speed of ten gigahertz, or a new method for making chips will have to be developed. Traditionally, computer microprocessors have used the method of silicon integrated circuits which was invented by Robert Noyce in 1958 and has been used ever since. This method allowed many transistors to be put on a single chip, and this allowed the creation of computers that were smaller, faster, and cheaper than ever before. Since these microchips were being created faster, a method of measuring performance had to be created, so a clock was placed inside the microprocessor. The processor clock is a circuit that emits a series of pulses with a precise pulse width and precise interval between consecutive pulses.[1] The time interval between the corresponding edges of two consecutive pulses is know as the clock cycle time. This method of measuring performance is quickly approaching its limits, and because of this the makers of these chips are looking into moving towards a â€Å"clockless† logic.[2] In order to move from the clock type processors existing today to the â€Å"clockless† processors of the future, chip developers are working on a i...

Dance Communicates Via the Human Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dance Communicates Via the Human Body - Essay Example It offers undergraduate and post-graduate programmes in contemporary dance artist training and professional development (Laban website 2006). As for SDDC, since it was formed by Siobhan Davies in 1988, it has been Britain's flagship independent dance company (Siobhan Davies Dance Company website 2006). The company is primarily a dance production outfit, but it also focuses on professional development of dancers. Thus, SDDC holds activities such as workshops and masterclasses aimed at the higher level dance, music and visual arts students, educationalists and professionals (Siobhan Davies Dance Company website 2006). While the institutional nature of Laban and SDDC is not identical, the development of these companies illustrates that their general policy and direction are the same. For the past decade, both Laban and SDDC embrace the policy of enriching dance language through the diverse mix of performance (Laban website 2006, Siobhan Davies Dance Company website 2006). For instance, Laban encourages students to perform works that are experimental and defy traditional definitions. The Laban Theatre also presents work by companies as varied as The Cholmondeleys, Featherstonehaughs, Henri Oguike and Societas Raffaello Sanzio (Prospectus Introduction 2006). With regards to SDDC, it has moved away from presenting work in proscenium-arched theatres to different spaces. For example, since Plants and Ghosts in 2002, SDDC has used non-conventional performance areas such as an aircraft hanger, a gallery and a warehouse (Working with our audiences n.d.). The respective direction of Laban and SDDC also demonstrates a trend within British contemporary dance companies to encourage collaborative effort between different art forms and to design dance movements based on interactions across disciplines and passions. Recently, Laban and Trinity College of Music - two very distinctive specialists in their respective art forms - have merged to form Trinity Laban. Laban and Trinity relocated to the same quarter in South East London to facilitate conversations and collaborations between students of the two art forms (Prospectus Introduction 2006). In SDDC, works such as In Plain Clothes (2006), Bird Song (2004) and White Man Sleeps (2004) are clearly creations that attain new height due to Davies's exemplary choice of artistic and technical collaborators. Consider also, SDDC's successful commissioning of artists from different disciplines, including author Caryl Churchill and sound artist Max Eastley, to engage in extended periods of intensive r esearch with the company dancers (Working with our audience n.d.). In the realm of enriching the discourse about contemporary dance, British modern dance companies have embarked on sharing and extending their discoveries within and beyond the profession (Prospectus Introduction 2006). Consider, for example, Laban's ambitious programme of reaching out to the greater community and enriching the debate on dance through its varied publications. Laban regularly publishes the Dance Theatre Journal, which is UK's leading dance journal covering reviews on current thinking in dance and related art. Discourses in Dance, another journal published by Laban, has an international audience. It explores the rapidly expanding academic discipline of dance studies by addressing issues such as testing new methodologies and examining dance in relation to critical theories, cultural studies and cognate disciplines.     Ã‚  

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Assignment Example The market share of iPad is also high because Apple is a pioneer in the technology. Though other companies such as Samsung have launched similar prototypes, these companies do not have the first mover advantage. Thus the most relevant strategy for iPad given its position is a good amount of promotion. Apple should invest in promoting this product to improve on the sales of the product. Find 2 examples of mission statements. Do you think these statements reflect the companies? Mission Statement of Coca Cola: To refresh the world; to inspire moments of optimism and happiness; and to create value and make a difference (Coca-Cola). This statement reflects the new image of Coca-Cola that has been developed through the most recent campaign. TV advertisements promoting the product show happy people being refreshed. This mission statement portrays the company as an organization brining optimism and warmth for its customers. It however, misses one big element and that is taste. Mission Statem ent of Facebook:   ‘Facebook’s mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected’ (Facebook). This mission statement reflects a company centered on the people and how to improve on their sharing experience. Facebook’s mission shows that the company values its users and is build around improving their experience. It talks about connectedness and openness and thus works for the company like this. 2:Peapod, the nation’s leading internet grocer, understanding growing demographic and social cultural macro environmental trends,  allows non-traditional households, such as single working parent households to order more than 8,000 grocery items online and have them delivered to home. Can you think of an example of how beverage marketers might alter an existing product or service, or create something new to satisfy the unique needs of the non-traditional single working parent households? One way in which beverage mark eters may alter existing products is by offering smaller packs for non-traditional single working parents. Such parents are not interested in buying economy packs since most of the product is wasted as they do not have large families to consume the product. Also within single working parent households, there is a greater need for getting food ready quickly. The beverage industry needs to focus on providing quick solutions such as easy to make coffee or 5 minute coffee. The single parent household is also willing to offer more price for premium products as they can afford product because they do not have to cater to a large family. Here beverage industries can offer new varieties and flavors to such households. When we purchase products or services we go through a decision process: Step 1 – Need recognition; Step 2 – Information search; Step 3 - Evaluation of alternatives: Step 4 - Purchase Decision; Step 5 Post-purchase Behavior.  Identify a recent purchase made by y ou and describe what role the product’s marketer played, if any, in getting you through the process.  Comment on the effectiveness of the marketer in someone else’s discussion post vs. your product’s marketer. Recently I brought a new android phone by HTC. Before making the purchase, I went online and searched for android phones with good reviews. I also kept my price range in mind. The marketer in this case helped me to a limited extent. He provided the platform where I would be able to easily gather information. The marketer by

Organizational Leadership Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Organizational Leadership Philosophy Essay The ingredients of my leadership philosophy which I believe will be most effective have been summarized into three pages. It is undisputable that vision, values, leadership development, managing change, care for soldiers and their families and a sense of humour are all important elements in a leadership philosophy. It is in this that I have a conviction of the ideology that, a military leader must have a personal philosophy since it will enhance accomplishment of a comprehensive and integrated view of life which is of critical essence. Personal philosophy is therefore of absolute necessity because it gives a foundation to other areas in life. To start with, vision is one of the most important elements to be put under consideration when creating a leadership philosophy. One of this is the fact that, vision ought to be idealistic in order to reflect the mental model of the organization for now and in the future. It must also have the characteristics of appropriateness, purpose, direction and standards of excellence (Wallace, 2008). It must be simple to understand, well articulated and ambitious. The organizational vision which corresponds to commander’s intent can be divided into three concepts. Operation is used to describe the intent of the commander. Purpose is what unifies the operations and involves what the organization is meant to do. Lastly, endstate is the final result that has been achieved. From the above perspective, the vision I have communicated should be understood and shared by everyone in the organization if we are to achieve our objective. We should also apply the concept of vision and revision where our vision acts as a way-point which is subject to adjustment along the way Value is the second element and it entails the morality and virtues which should form the central theme of the human nature. As an organization, the values of the U. S. army are the foundation to provide service to the country. The seven major values which guide this philosophy can be essential in any organization which includes loyalty, duty, respect, selfless-service, honour, integrity, and personal courage. The values are moral guidelines for each soldier to lead us through the intellectual, emotional and philosophical issues that surround our lives and organization. Every leader should therefore adhere to the seven values and ensure that they play the central role in their leadership philosophy. Organizational success depends on the values of the company, its stand and the belief of its people. People who think that we cannot change or train values are wrong and should therefore go for basic training in the US Marine Corps model. In addition, I believe that lack of enough discussion and understanding of values is the major reason for unethical behaviour which the media highlights. It is my duty therefore to establish a formal training program that will enhance values within the army. Caring for one another is the third element of my leadership philosophy just as it is emphasized by the soldiers. This kind of care extends to all other people such as ensuring that soldiers and their families are taken care of. This is in as ensuring that, any mission set forth is successfully accomplished. This may appear as competitive imperatives but both of them must be successfully accomplished by a talented leader. Taking good care of my soldiers will involve ensuring quality life, safety, family support, proper equipment and training, and timely recognition of excellence. This aspect is greatly concurred within the army as the attribute is emphasized in form of an aggressive program which provides for and serves the soldiers welfare as an essential catalyst that ensures unit bonding. The full potential of a soldier is reached when their leaders are caring because modern combat needs love and care of soldiers and soldiering. Leader development is another element made up of three important components which include formal schooling, leader training and empowerment. Among the professional training I intend my soldiers to undergo include the Basic as well as the Advanced Non-commissioned Officer Course, and many other courses that will promote professional development. Although the formal educational courses may collide with training and exercises, subordinates must receive these training to sharpen their specialities. Leader development is a continuous process and I will promote attendance to formal education to supplement our professional development programs (Wallace, 2008). I will also ensure that subordinates are empowered through delegation of duties to encourage the growth of leadership within the organization The next element which is inevitable will be to manage change. Frequent deployment, downsizing, modern technology, and increased personnel and operations tempo will require the army to deal with tremendous change. My mission and purpose for the organization will clearly elaborate the need to manage change because it will be necessary for general improvement. Leveraging diversity is another element of leadership philosophy which is often overlooked by many people. Soldiers from different ethnic, religion, racial experience backgrounds should be treasured since they add value to the organization. The mechanism that I intend to use to ensure that diversity is appreciated includes open-door policy, visibility and small-group sessions in the organization. Moreover, any personnel who do not value diversity will not be tolerated. Lastly, maintaining a sense of humour ought to be preserved since it is an important element for diffusing tension (Wallace, 2008). Humour is important in developing personal rapport and enhancing the cooperation spirit. References Wallace, A. (2008). Organizational leadership: Major Principles for Effective Leadership. A Journal of Human Resource Planning, Vol. 45, p. 23-32