Essay --

This essay explores the mutually beneficial commercial collaborations between the tobacco companies and major motion picture studios from the late 1920s through the 1940s. Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent and young adult smoking initiation. Public health efforts to eliminate smoking from films accessible to youth have been countered by defenders of the status quo, who associate tobacco imagery in â€Å"classic† movies with artistry and nostalgia. Both the entertainment and tobacco industries recognised the high value of promotion of tobacco through entertainment media. Each company hired aggressive product placement firms to represent its interests in Hollywood. These firms placed products and tobacco signage in positive situations that would encourage viewers to use tobacco and kept brands from being used in negative situations. Efforts were also made to place favourable articles relating to product use by actors in national print media and to encourage professional photographers to take pictures of actors smoking specific brands. The cigar industry started developing connections with the entertainment industry beginning in the 1980s and paid product placements were made in both movies and on television. This effort did not always require money payments from the tobacco industry to the entertainment industry, suggesting that simply looking for cash payoffs may miss other important ties between the tobacco and entertainment industries. So, therefore the tobacco industry understood the value of placing and encouraging tobacco use in films, and how to do it. While the industry claims to have ended this practice, smoking in motion pictures increased throughout the 1990s and remains a public health problem. The tobacco i... ...y has a long history of working to influence Hollywood. The power of film to promote the â€Å"social acceptability† and desirability of tobacco use, particularly among young people, is a continuing inducement for the tobacco industry to utilise this medium. The increase in tobacco use and the continuing appearance of specific brands in movies since 1990 may reflect continuing activities by the tobacco industry, despite the industry's voluntary restrictions on such practices. It may be that, as with provisions of the industry's voluntary advertising code that nominally restricts print marketing to children, the industry finds ways around its own rules. Until something is done to reduce and eliminate pro-tobacco images on film, motion pictures will remain one of the most powerful forces in the world promoting tobacco and serving the tobacco industry's financial interests.

M&S Case Study

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY? SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LOGISTICS AND GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT M&S Case study Assignment Mark&Spencer As it is well known, the retailer M&S had been a giant in the UK market, offering several products and services that have had a big participation in the daily life of the population that in some way had been influenced by any branch of this company in any place where they stay selling its goods, whether in the UK or on overseas places.Marks & Spencer owns no factories and does not make the goods, which are sold in its stores, which represent a different approach to the retailer business and gives some advantages that M&S enjoy. The key element in furthering its competitive advantage has been the development of strong supplier relationships which although have had suffer several changes in the past few years because of strategies in the market and distinct factors, they maintain as an essential part of the business. Marks and Spencer’s mission statement is broken into 3 parts which include:Vision – To be the standard against which others are measured Mission – To make aspirational quality accessible to all and Values – Quality value, service, innovation and trust. Representation on M&S general operations * Given that M&S had an image problem in the past, what change did it make and is making to its clothing business to enhance its competitiveness? The serious problems of image that M&S had in the pass were consequence of several decisions and assessments made by its board and especially very often by the chairman and the chief executive.There is one factor that shaped for long time all the decisions made in the company; â€Å"the culture of Marks&Spencer†, this way of thinking was the method to use for manage the firm for many years from its beginning until the changes in the market and in the customers did not fit with that culture anymore. In lights of these events and in the increasing probl ems, severe changes has to be made, changes that were enough to return the plot to the company in their market that was falling as consequence of this.The quality of the clothes was not the same and the customers get realised of that as they begun to claim about it. Moreover, the bad winter season in 1999 coinciding with the retail sales downturn put a starting point in the definitive necessity of changes in M&S. 1999 was a year to forget in the UK clothing sector. Can be said that the beginning of the first change made was the incorporation as chief executive of Peter Salsbury to succeed eventually to Sir Richard Greenbury.The first approach to changes was a series of radical culling in the board of the company, which meant a change from the top-down in the structure of the organization and the incorporation of the technology in the communicational way among the board members which it have to be stress, they were not familiarised with new technologies, these initial changes made by Salsbury were aimed to vanish the old fashion way of manage the company and dismantling symbols of the old regime; many people were removed from the administration work to go to dealing with costumers’ needs.A general reorganization that split the company into UK retail, overseas and financial services was made as well. As another remarkable change, was the approach to the renewed focus on the client itself and the fulfilment of its necessities, part of the image problems was because of the treatment to the customer from the staff of M&S, as part of the change process, a new department of marketing was created in order to enhance the advertisement and to gain customers over from the dynamical market they deal with, new thinking and new minds were ired, and the marketing department would take over many decisions of the buying departments to support in the decision of what the customers wanted. Within this period the board of the firm had realised that some of the overseas bus iness and UK suppliers had become a millstone for M&S rather than a support, and were put up for sale and dismissed respectively.The period of changes that M&S was going trough with the severe culling and reorganization processes, brought a new image problems to the company, as consequence the entire personnel was demoralized and downright, the spirit of the company to its staff and the trust of its suppliers was totally destroyed. Being clear that these methods and managing was not working anymore as a part of a past of revolution in the company, new changes have to come. Although, Peter Salsbury had accomplished the evolution and change of the culture of M&S.After this Luc Vandevelde as a chairman contributed with several changes in the clothes line of M&S, as was the entry of George Davis to the firm to develop and deliver to the public a new brand called â€Å"Per Una†, in aims to revitalize the women’s clothing sales as a strategy from the board. New changes are b eing made in order to enhance the competitiveness in the clothing business, changing the look to the stores with lighter colours, new tills, better lighting.M&S has turn itself in a company that owns a staff full of youth and freshness, consequently, the company has give back the quality to its goods, quality that was a flag in the â€Å"golden years of M&S†, with several new clothing brands fitted to both gender and to every stage in the life of people, this wide range of goods cleverly design on age and occasions are the product of selected designers and their teems pushing to deliver nothing but the very best to all the M&S’s customers, this fact is a sample of a great change that the company has made managing to recover the trust of the customers and the treatment of excellence to the clients that the current business and the market require.As part of the new times and challenges, the board of the company nowadays effectively had set clear points in the taking-deci sion process as is to debate and agree the best strategy for the Company and hold the executive team accountable for its execution, this permit a very dynamic way to involve anyone to the final decision in order to guarantee a wise decision that push to the continue enhancement and development of the current business plan and finally, to set the tone of ‘doing the right thing', supported by the right governance structures and their effective implementation. * Specifically and in detail, what changes were made to the M&S supply chain strategy in the light of these changes?Evidently as the culture of M&S was created and leaded by several men with the same way of thinking, the most remarkable characteristics of this culture was the relationship with the suppliers of M&S, that was based on an close and unique relationship that have been prevailed by several decades in some cases. This supply chain based on trust from the firm to its suppliers gave shape to the UK retail market for many years. The board planned the new strategy implemented to the supply chain by the end of the year 2000; this strategy consisted on the change of suppliers from the UK to other overseas instead. Amid the changes on reorganization of M&S in general, the board had realised that the hearty link with the traditional suppliers in the UK was no longer affordable enough and represent a millstone for the company.The first place to be pointed as an overseas supply branch was in Portugal owing to the mix positive factors of cheaper manufacturing costs and the short distance to the UK that would not affect the supplement of goods in the stores for time reasons as start happening with others overseas supplier that because they were so far from UK the time of delivery influenced in the schedules and logistics of M&S. Nevertheless, some UK suppliers that closed their factories repositioned themselves in North Africa, Indonesia, Thailand and China; Looking for cheap workhand and opening in thi s way an overseas market of suppliers for the company and at the same time a beneficial reduction of cost for M&S despite the exportation activities involve in this operations, demonstrating this way that the strategy implemented in lights of the changes has just paid off.Another important change was specially related to the clothing range â€Å"Per Una† leaded by the designer George Davis which consist in the direct delivery of the clothe and accessories from nothing more but his organisation to M&S, as part of a agreement maid at the beginning of his business relationship whit the company, this represent a self-sufficient branch in the supply chain of the firm. Some other changes were made on M&S regarding to its branches in Europe, specifically to the supply chain that maintain the European branch of the company in countries as Spain, Holland, France and Germany. They have to concentrate the efforts in the UK market so they decided to finish the overseas branches, represen ting a culling on the supply chain to those countries and leaving the supply chain operations directly to UK. * What are the different supply chain performance objectives for the different product groups? Classic| Autograph| Per Una| Indigo| Blue Harbour| Product Range| Short – Mature Customers| Long – Wide Range Customers| Short – Fashion Woman 25-35 years old| Short – women with busy lives| Long – Men’s casual clothes for weekends| Design Changes| No frequent| Trend| Frequent| Seasonal| Seasonal| Price| Expensive – ‘value-for-money' prices| Competitive ‘High Street Pricing'| Good Value| Average | Expensive – ‘value-for-money' prices| Quality| High| Aspirational Quality| High| Aspirational Quality| High| Sales Volume| High| Low – Limited| Low – Limited| High – seasonal| High – seasonal| Order Winners| Smart, Elegant & quality clothes| Fashion ability| Exclusivity| Fashionable for e veryday use| Casually smart clothes| Order Qualifiers| Quality and value on the clothes| Clothing wide range and high street prices| Affordable price| Everyday-workday casualwear| Smart casual menswear for weekends occasion| Operation Priorities| Reliability – aimed to mature costumers | Cost – Sharpen pricing – great value| Flexibility – Very fast response| Speed – high fluency on the selling of this clothes| Quality – unique menswear brand| References â€Å"The rise & fall of Marks & Spencer †¦ And how it rose again† by Judi Bevan, edition revised and updated in 2007. Bookmarque, Croydon, Surrey. ISBN-10: 1 86197 898 7. * â€Å"Logistics and supply chain management† by Martin Christopher, Fourth Edition, FT Prentice Hall – Financial times. * â€Å"Operation Management† by Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Sixth Edition, FT Prentice Hall – Financial times. * Marks & Spencer Annual Repo rt and Financial Statements 2000 * Marks & Spencer Annual Report and Financial Statements 2006 * â€Å"Issues of Marks & Spencer† by OxbridgeWriters. com * â€Å"Marks & Spencer† by Nardine Collier and Gerry Johnson, Case Teaching Notes, Pearson Education Limited 2005.

Where Is Potassium Found On The Periodic Table

Sentence Ending Particles in Japanese

In Japanese, there are many particles that are added to the end of a sentence. They express the speakers emotions, doubt, emphasis, caution, hesitation, wonder, admiration, and so on. Some sentence ending particles distinguish male or female speech. Many of them dont translate easily. Ka Makes a sentence into a question. When forming a question, the word order of a sentence does not change in Japanese. Nihon-jin desu ka.æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šAre you Japanese?Supeingo o hanashimasu ka.ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'šã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Do you speak Spanish? Kana/Kashira Indicates that you are not sure about something. It can be translated as I wonder ~. Kashira㠁‹ã â€"ら is used only by women. Tanaka-san wa ashita kuru kana.ç” °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªI wonder if Mr. Tanaka will come tomorrow.Ano hito wa dare kashira.㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¯Ã¨ ª °Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€"らI wonder who that person is. Na (1) Prohibition. A negative imperative marker used only by men in very informal speech. Sonna koto o suru na!㠁 Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ªDont do such a thing! (2) Casual emphasis on a decision, suggestion or opinion. Kyou wa shigoto ni ikitakunai na.ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã¤ »â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£ Å¸Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£  ªI dont want to go to work today.Sore wa machigatteiru to omou na.㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¯Ã©â€"“é â€¢Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¨Ã¦â‚¬ Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªI think that is wrong. Naa Expresses emotion, or a casual remark of wishful thinking. Sugoi naa.㠁™ã â€Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ â€šHow great it is!Mou sukoshi nete itai naa.も㠁†å °â€˜Ã£ â€"Ã¥ ¯ Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ â€šI wish I could sleep in a little more. Ne/Nee Confirmation. Indicates that the speaker wants the listener to agree or confirm. It is similar to English expressions dont you think so, isnt it? or right?. Ii tenki desu ne.㠁„㠁„å ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€"㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ­Its a beautiful day, isnt it?Mou nakanaide ne.も㠁†æ ³ £Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£  ­Please dont cry anymore, okay?

Interpersonal Relationship and Self-awareness - 1703 Words

Introduction In this essay, we will discuss the importance of self-awareness and other forms of awareness in building quality relationships. Communication plays a vital role in developing any kind of healthy relationship, regardless of what phase the relationship is in. â€Å"Ineffective communication causes an interpersonal gap that is experienced in all facets of life and in all sectors of society† (Bolton, 1987, p.4) Communication can be divided into two categories which is verbal and non-verbal. Verbal is the spoken language whereas non-verbal includes gestures, body language and facial expression. Effective communication can be established when this two types of communication complement each other. We will discuss how self-awareness†¦show more content†¦By adopting self-awareness in communicating in a relationship, we will be able to positively engage in a conversation which will boost our self-esteem when we are accepted and liked for who we are. Interpersonal relationships are essential for our personal well-being in many ways, helping us to grow and develop cognitively and socially, to build a positive and coherent personal identity, and to feel we are firmly in touch with reality. (Johnson, 1990, p.6) Secondly for Belonging needs, it is the need for love, affection and belonging. Unlike the Self-esteem needs which are accentuated by our self-awareness, the Belonging needs helps to develop our self-awareness. â€Å"It is within our relationships that we discover who we are as persons.† (Johnson, 1990, p.7) When we interact with people who view us as worthwhile and always provide constructive criticism and encouragement, we will see ourselves likewise. We will tend to emulate the actions and character traits that we admire thus creating self-awareness of what we desire to be as an individual. Self-disclosure Self-disclosure can be analyze in various relationships using the Johari Window (Appendix 2). It is basically like a window with four equal quadrants. These four areas consist of: †¢ Open self- Information about the person; behavior, attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience, skills, views etc known by person him/herself and by others in theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Two Journaling Functions On Interpersonal Relationships, Self Awareness, And Communication Skills2046 Words   |  9 PagesThe effects of two journaling functions, one focusing on verbal expressive emotions and the other on expressive writing were used to improve interpersonal relationships, self-awareness, and communication skills. I have used journaling and storytelling as a contemplative action plan for emotional suppression. 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Disney Animation And Child Development Film Studies Essay Free Essays

Disney animated movies captivate the imaginativeness of an copiousness of people with magnetizing music, magnetic characters, and graphic visuals. My grandma, who had lived in poorness through most of her childhood, loved the Disney animated movies as a kid, because they were an flight from world and gave her the hope of a better hereafter. Because Disney life played an of import function in my grandma ‘s childhood, she replicated these memories with her kids and grandchildren through watching Walt Disney animated movies. We will write a custom essay sample on Disney Animation And Child Development Film Studies Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although I was excessively immature to retrieve my first experiences with the Disney animated movies, the first experience Disney animated movie that I can pull from memory is the, â€Å" The Little Mermaid † . As a kid, I fell in love with the appealing characters and the enrapturing music from the film. The supporter Ariel was prosecuting to me as a kid because she was funny and yearned to larn about a universe enigmatic to hers. The life of â€Å" The Little Mermaid † is vivacious and shows capturing soundtrack. The secret plan consists of a mermaid who is fascinated with the human universe and finds herself in love with Prince Eric whom she saves from shipwreck. Ariel ‘s male parent, King Triton, is really protective of his girl and is concerned about her wonder for the human universe. In order to be with the one she loves, Ariel turns to the sea enchantress, Ursula, who casts a enchantment upon her to go human. The conditions for Ariel to stay a human are tha t she must acquire a true love ‘s buss from Prince Eric within three yearss, and that if she does non, she will everlastingly be unable to utilize her voice once more. In the terminal, Prince Eric is tricked into falling in love with Ursula and Ariel must to contend off Ursula in order to salvage the land and those she loves. King Triton apologizes for being excessively protective of Ariel and allows her to populate merrily of all time after with Prince Eric. Disney ‘s â€Å" The Little Mermaid † secret plan contains friendly relationships, wonder, effects from heedlessness, continuity, and the dangers of being overprotective. Today, Disney life plays an active function in my life because the films are comparative to loving one ‘s household, encompassing creativeness and wonder, and an inspiration. Disney animated movies hold given me infinite memories that I cherish with both friends and household. I want to go through on the same happy memories I had with my grandma by doing a particular clip to watch Disney ‘s films with my younger household members. Recently, my three-year-old cousin Addy and I watched Disney-Pixar ‘s â€Å" Brave. † Towards stop where the supporter, Merida, hugs both of her parents, Addy asked me if the princess â€Å" loves her ma and dada? † I told her â€Å" yes, of class she does! † She replied â€Å" I love my ma and daddy excessively! † Although my cousin may ne’er retrieve that minute, it ‘s a minute that I will ever retrieve. Walt Disney Animated Studios embraces positive childhood development through their movies. The Disney animated films focus on a assortment of subjects that can animate kids to inquiry, love and imagine. Although these movies may be viewed merely every bit amusement to some people, to others it is a utile tool to educate kids about auxiliary life lessons through an piquant medium. Disney animated movies focal points on animating kids to be speculative, as inquiring and admiration is indispensable in the acquisition procedure. Disney implements the thought of being analytical and funny through characters that are of course speculative with a strong desire to larn. For illustration, Belle from â€Å" Beauty and the Beast, † is a miss with an fact-finding personality and whose avocation is reading. Another character is Alice from â€Å" Alice in Wonderland † who falls down a coney hole and lands in a universe that merely becomes â€Å" funny and curiouser † the longe r she is in Wonderland. Examples of Disney ‘s execution of creativeness are through audio-visual effects in the 1940 movie â€Å" Fantasia † . â€Å" Fantasia ‘s † nucleus thought throughout the movie is to promote one to utilize their imaginativeness to make simple music, forms, and colourss to so go a wondrous complex narrative inspired by orchestrated music. Creativity plays a cardinal function in the Disney film â€Å" Meet the Robinson ‘s † . Lewis, immature discoverer, uses his imaginativeness, creativeness, wonder, and dedication of accomplishing his end of in going a successful discoverer. Another property Disney animated studios incorporates into their plot lines is the importance of loving one another. Teaching immature kids the important and diverse significances of â€Å" love † is indispensable in a kid ‘s development. Many Disney animated movies teach the significance of loving 1s friends, households, and community. Whether it is love for a friend, or love for one ‘s dreams and wants, love dramas an indispensable function in each of Disney ‘s alive films. Examples of different signifiers of love include the 1940 movie, â€Å" Pinocchio † . Pinocchio is marionette who is loved by his Godhead, Geppetto. A faery as if by magic turns Pinocchio into a existent male child and Geppetto loves Pinocchio like his ain boy. In â€Å" The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh † , Winnie the Pooh loves all of his friends in the One-Hundred Acres Wood and they all work together with the challenges they face. In â€Å" Pocahontas † , th e Native American princess makes the determination to be with her love John Smith, and attempts to protect her community from contending the English encroachers and to come to peaceable footings. â€Å" The Princess and the Frog † is a narrative about loving and encompassing one ‘s dreams in life. Tiana, the chief character, wishes to carry through her and her late male parent ‘s dream of having a eating house and works difficult to do her dreams come true. Although Disney life promotes healthy kid development and indispensable accomplishments required for acquisition and turning, there are some who believe the movies may play a negative function in a kid ‘s development. Those critics typically believe that Disney films are excessively unrealistic and have secret plans which center on anti-feminism, advancing philistinism and Foster indolence. As Walt Disney had one time said, â€Å" All sketch characters and fabrications must be hyperbole, imitations. It is the really nature of phantasy and fable. † For one to anticipate pragmatism in a kid ‘s narrative is unrealistic within itself. Many of the Disney animated movies are versions of narratives from common people narratives and other signifiers of old literature. The Grimm Brothers foremost written down the common people narratives of â€Å" Snow White † , â€Å" Cinderella † , and â€Å" Sleeping Beauty † , and â€Å" The Little Mermaid † is an version of the narrative by Hans Christian Anderson. Therefore, many of the secret plans behind popular Disney narratives are non created by Disney, but are alternatively Disney animated studio ‘s ain readings of these narratives that are more household orientated than the original narratives themselves. Some women’s rightists argue that the Disney princesses set an unrealistic end of how adult females should act and look. They besides believe that it teaches immature misss that a â€Å" Prince Charming † figure exists. However, many Disney princesses do hold character traits outside the traditional, stereotyped â€Å" female † function. In Disney ‘s alive movie, â€Å" Mulan † , Mulan breaks off from the traditional imposts of her civilization of going a stereotyped Chinese married woman that serves her hubby, and alternatively disguises herself as a male soldier to protect her male parent and battle for her state. Mulan does fall in lo ve in the film with Captain Li Shang, who she originally detests. However, the movie illustrates that Li Shang is non unflawed. Although some soldiers joke around with Li Shang by naming him a â€Å" reasonably boy, † Li Shang proves that he is speculative, a good leader, and logical. Some believe that the Disney princess movies contain unrealistic outlooks of beauty, and insists that the Disney princesses have a detrimental impact on a miss ‘s outlooks and self-pride. However, they are non taking into consideration of the importance of the spectator ‘s age. Many yearlings and immature kids still do non hold the cognitive ability to hold on the construct of an alive character to be â€Å" puting the criterions of beauty † . Then once they are old plenty to understand that society has already placed a criterion for beauty, they are besides old plenty to understand that the princesses are animated characters and are non existent outlooks for life people. Some besides argue that Disney animated movies promote kids to be mercenary. However, while Disney does sell a battalion of merchandises, it is non the corporation ‘s duty to parent kids. It is alternatively the exclusive duty of a kid ‘s parents to learn against philistinism. Third, the thought that Disney animated movies promotes the unrealistic dream of life ‘s jobs â€Å" as if by magic † disappearance and that working difficult can be avoided is untrue. Many of the Disney animated characters work hard in the narratives. Although Cinderella had a Fairy Godmother assist her in get awaying from her immorality stepmother and step-sisters, one can interpret that into a existent universe scenario that works hard in life, and had a lucky interruption with person being able to assist them accomplish a better life. In the alive movie, â€Å" The Princess and the Frog, † Tiana must works difficult to do a life and saves money to open up a eating house she has ever wanted. Disney animated movies had inspired me during my childhood old ages to show my creativeness and imaginativeness. Disney animated movies promote kids to be funny, inventive and originative, every bit good as encourage kids to love in a assortment of ways to advance healthy childhood development. Many of the Disney animated movies are versions from common people and faery narratives, every bit good as other novels throughout literary history. Although some may non back up kids sing Disney animated movies due to their ain readings of the movies and what they believe the movies portray, it is finally the parent ‘s function to learn their kids of import life lessons and how to construe the films. It is merely the Disney Animation Studio ‘s to entertain both kids and grownups ; their movies do advance a battalion of promoting messages that can interpret a kid to integrate being inventive, funny, and loving into their ain lives. In decision, Disney animated movies promote health y childhood development. Parents and pedagogues should decently integrate these movies for place amusement and for instruction through promoting kids to utilize their creativeness and concentrating on the ethical motives of the narrative. Work Cited â€Å" Walt Disney Quotes. â€Å" A Walt Disney Quotes. Just Disney, Web. 22 Jan. 2013. How to cite Disney Animation And Child Development Film Studies Essay, Essay examples

human sexuality notes Essay Example For Students

human sexuality notes Essay MIDTERM #3 CH. 9 SEXUAL BEHAVIORS CELIBACY Complete celibacy a person who does not masturbate or have interpersonal sexual contact. Partial celibacy- does not have interpersonal sexual contact, but still masturbates. Celibacy or abstinence is an option until the person is ready for a sexual relationship- and becomes a positive act. Religion/morals: becoming a priest or a nun includes a vow of celibacy, celibacy until marriage, personal criteria for a good sexual relationship has been met, have experienced sexual confusion or disappointment in the past EROTIC DREAMS AND FANTASY -mental experiences (books, drawings, movies, photos) ways to explore and express experiences, feelings, and desires. Erotic dreams: dreams and orgasm may occur during sleep without a persons conscious direction. Can be logical or make no sense. Wake up with signs of sexual arousal-erection, vaginal lubrication, pelvic movements. Nocturnal orgasm- involuntary orgasm during sleep Erotic fantasy: happen during daydreams, masturbation, or sex with a partner. (Images to representations of past experiences) Functions: source of pleasure and arousal during masturbation or sex with partner, overcome anxiety in a negative sexual situation, forbidden wishes, provide relief from gender role expectations Male-female similarities and differences in sexual fantasy 1)frequency is similar for both sexes during sexual activity with a px 2)both men and women indicate a wide range of fantasy content differences: men- fantasies more active, focus on womans body and what he wants to do to it. Woman- fantasies more passive, focus on mens interests in their bodies. men- focus on explicit sexual acts, nude bodies woman- more emotional context- romance men- fantasize about multiple partners and group sex woman- submission fantasies Helpful and healthy aspect to sexuality MASTURBATION -Learning what feels good and what doesnt -Learning what leads to sexual arousal and orgasm -Developing erotic turn-ons and fantasies -Relive sexual tension -Can be a shared experience! Who has PV orgasms? (no hands) 19% of females who do not masturbate, 26% of females who do. You dont have to masturbate to have a good sex life. Men masturbate about 3x more that females- more sexual, more learning Kinsey- woman masturbate more after they reach their 20s than in teens because of an increase in erotic responsiveness, more opportunities for learning about self stimulation, and a reduction in sexual inhibitions Ethnicity and masturbation: white men and women masturbate more than african american men and women. Hispanic woman have lowest rate. The higher the education level the more likely to masturbate. People living with sexual px more likely to masturbate than those living alone. 7 easy non threatening steps to learn self pleasuring 1)look at her own body in private 2)feel her own body 3)touch parts of body that feel arousing 4)try to get sexually aroused (use jellies) 5)extended masturbation- triggers: tighten legs and thighs, head of side of bed, water stimulation 6)male watches her masturbate 7)male imitates- listens to her and does what she likes and what feels good -makes couples feel closer together! She and her px can explore together 1)diff patterns of clitoral stimulation (circular, up and down, and back and forth) 2)diff levels of pressure: gentle-stronger- pulsing 3)the 3 finger technique (3-4-5) 3 weakest fingers The frenulum for female split of each side of minor lips (little man in a boat) see pic. 4) oral stimulation- tongue is moist and too strong Aspects of interactive sexuality Feelings, desires, and attitudes strongly influence choices about sexual activity. -Sensitivity to you and your pxs needs will develop shared pleasure and arousal more effectively than any specific technique. -Mutual consent- sexual activities that both pxs are willing to engage in are more likely to provide a couple with enjoyable sexual experiences. Maltz Hierarcy- he sees sexual energy as a neutral force- the intent and consequences of sexual behavior can lead in pos or neg directions (married couples- can be passionate or spousal rape) 3 levels: Positive: emotional openness, lovemaking experiences! Level +1: positive role fulfillment -social-role behavior -religious or cultural duty; sex for reproduction Beatles EssayLevel +2- Making Love -pleasure focused -mutuality -experimentation Level +3- Authentic sexual intimacy -emotional openness and closeness; feelings of ecstasy Sexual energy (ground zero) Negative- sexual interactions may be upsetting or traumatic Level 1 Impersonal interaction -sexually transmitted diseases -or well-being of self and other Level 2 Abusive Interaction -sexual dominance and coercion Level 3 Violent Interaction -sex used to express hostility -rape KISSING AND TOUCHING Kissing: can be intense, erotic, profound Touching: 1st and most important sense that we experience -does not need to be directed to an erogenous area to be sexual- anywhere can enhance sexual intimacy. Pleasurable to both the receiver and the giver. .